Insects Feeding
on this Plant:
____________
Tilia americana (American Basswood) [Tiliaceae]
(Observations are from Funkhouser, Hottes & Frison, Knight, Osborn & Drake, Dmitriev & Dietrich, Clark et al., Microleps website, Dennis, Covell, Arment, Needham et al., Aldrich & Osten-Sacken, Smith, Blackman & Eastop, Wheeler et al., Watson, Hamilton, Gangwere, Pepper, Robinson & Bradley, Spencer & Steyskal, Majka et al., Cranshaw, ScaleNet, Eiseman, Wilhelm & Rericha, and Nakahara)
Coleoptera (Beetles)
Chrysomelidae: Altica ulmi Clk2004, Baliosus nervosus (Basswood Leafminer) [both adults & larvae feed on leaves, the latter are blotch leaf-miners; syn. Baliosus ruber] Clk2004 Ndm1928 Crw2004 Eis2016 WR2017, Calligrapha amator Clk2004, Calligrapha pnirsa Clk2004, Calligrapha tiliae Clk2004, Calligrapha virginea Clk2004; Curculionidae: Phyllobius oblongus (European Snout Weevil) [polyphagous; adults feed on leaves of trees, larvae feed on roots of other plants] MAM2007; Scarabaeidae: Popillia japonica (Japanese Beetle) [polyphagous] Crw2004
Diptera (Flies)
Agromyzidae: Ophiomyia tiliae [forms ovoid twig galls; widespread in NE & Midwest USA] SS1986; Cecidomyiidae: Contarinia citrina [larvae form galls on twigs] AOS1905 WR2017, Contarinia verrucicola (Linden Wart Gall Midge) [larvae form warty galls on leaf uppersides] AOS1905 WR2017
Heteroptera (True Bugs)
Miridae: Ceratocapsus modestus Kn1941, Deraeocoris nebulosus WHM1983, Deraeocoris quercicola WHM1983, Lygocoris tiliae [found along streams] Kn1941 WHM1983 Wat1928, Neurocolpus tiliae Kn1941, Phytocoris salicis WHM1983, Plesiodema sericeum Kn1941 WHM1983, Reuteria irrorata [found in moderately moist situations] Wat1928; Tingidae: Corythucha pallida (Pale Basswood Lace Bug) OD1916, Gargaphia tiliae (Basswood Lace Bug) [found on underside of leaves] OD1916 WR2017
Homoptera (Sucking Insects)
Aphididae: Eucallipterus tiliae (Linden Aphid) [found on leaf undersides, especially of European Tilia spp.; this aphid was introduced into North America from Europe] HF1931 BE2013 Pp1965, Hysteroneura setariae (Rusty Plum Aphid) HF1931, Longistigma caryae (Giant Bark Aphid) [found on tree bark, polyphagous] HF1931 RB1965, Macrosiphum tiliae [found on new growth, especially suckers; this aphid is distributed in N USA, including Wisconsin & Pennsylvania] BE2013 HF1931 Pp1965, Tiliphagus lycoposugus [forms large nest galls on leaves of basswood, migrating to the roots of bugleweed during the summer; this aphid has been found in Maryland & North Carolina] BE2013; Cercopidae: Clastoptera obtusa (Alder Spittlebug) [fed on by adults only] Hm1982; Cicadellidae: Eratoneura separata [preferred host plant] DD2010, Erythridula fumida [preferred host plant] DD2010, Erythridula vinaria [preferred host plant] DD2010; Diaspididae: Diaspidiotus osborni (Osborn Scale) [found on bark, polyphagous; this insect is found in E USA & Ontario] SN2014, Diaspidiotus perniciosus (San Jose Scale) [usually found on bark, polyphagous, although preferring woody species in the Rosaceae; this insect is widely distributed; syn. Comstockaspis perniciosa, syn. Quadraspidiotus perniciosus] SN2014, Hemiberlesia neodiffinis (False Diffinis Scale) [polyphagous, this insect occurs in E USA] SN2014, Lepidosaphes ulmi (Oystershell Scale) [found on bark, polyphagous; this insect is widely distributed in the USA, S Canada, & Eurasia] SN2014; Membracidae: Enchenopa binotata [polyphagous] Den1952, Hadrophallus constans [polyphagous] Den1952, Stictocephala taurina [polyphagous] Den1952, Stictocephala tauriniformis Den1952, Telamona decora Fnk1917, Telamona reclivata Fnk1917, Telamona tiliae [polyphagous] Den1952, Telamona westcotti Den1952; Pseudococcidae: Pseudococcus maritimus (Grape Mealybug) [found on foliage, polyphagous; this insect is widely distributed] SN2014
Hymenoptera (Bees, Wasps, & Sawflies)
Xiphydriidae: Xiphydria abdominalis [larvae bore into small branches] Sm2006
Lepidoptera (Butterflies, Skippers, & Moths)
Agonoxenidae: Chrysoclista linneella [larvae burrow under bark, introduced into N. America from Europe] Mic2010; Bucculatricidae: Philonome clemensella Mic2010; Coleophoridae: Coleophora tiliaefoliella Ndm1928; Gracillariidae: Phyllonorycter lucetiella (Basswood Leafminer Moth) [larvae are blotch or tentiform leaf-miners] Mic2010 Ndm1928 Crw2004, Phyllonorycter tiliacella [larvae are blotch leaf-miners] Mic2010 Ndm1928; Nepticulidae: Nepticula argentifasciella [larvae are leaf-miners, syn. Stigmella argentifasciella] Ndm1928, Nepticula tiliela Ndm1928 [larvae are leaf-miners, syn. Stigmella tiliella] Ndm1928; Noctuidae: Catocala cerogama (Yellow-Banded Underwing) [oligophagous] Cv2005
Phasmatodea (Walkingsticks)
Diapheromeridae: Diapheromera femorata (Northern Walkingstick) [feeds on leaves, field observations] Arm2006 Ggw1961
Thysanoptera (Thrips)
Thripidae: Thrips calcaratus (Introduced Basswood Thrips) [feeds on leaf buds causing defoliation, polyphagous] Crw2004 Nk1994
Trombidiformes (Mites)
Eriophyidae: Eriophyes tiliae [forms pouch galls on upper leaf surface] WR2017