Insects Feeding
on these Plants:
____________
Tilia spp. (Linden, Basswood) [Tiliaceae]
(Observations are from Wagner, Yanega, Rider, Dmitriev & Dietrich, Covell, Marshall, Felt, Needham et al., Smith, Blackman & Eastop, Watson, Hamilton, Miller, Pepper, Majka et al., Ford & Jackman, Cranshaw, ScaleNet, Nakahara)
Coleoptera (Beetles)
Buprestidae: Brachys aerosus [larvae are leaf-miners] Ndm1928; Cerambycidae: Amniscus maculata [larvae found under bark] Ya1996, Anelaphus pumilum Ya1996, Dryobius sexnotatus Ya1996, Eupogonius pubescens Ya1996, Eupogonius subarmata Ya1996, Grammoptera exigua [larvae bore through dead branches] Ya1996, Hyperplatys maculata Ya1996, Obrium rufulum [larvae bore through dry dead branches] Ya1996, Oplosia nubilus [larvae found under bark of decaying trees] Ya1996, Saperda vestita (Linden Borer) [larvae bore through wood of dead & dying trees] Ya1996 Crw2004; Chrysomelidae: Calligrapha pnirsa Msh2006, Calligrapha scalaris (Elm Calligrapha) [larvae & adults feed on leaves; Ulmus americana is the preferred host] Crw2004; Mordellidae: Tomoxia inclusa [larvae are found in bark or wood] FJ1996; Scolytidae: Monarthrum mali (Apple Wood Stainer) [polyphagous; this insect is widely distributed] MAM2007
Diptera (Flies)
Agromyzidae: Ophiomyia tiliae (Linden Bark Gall Midge) [larvae form irregular galls on twigs] Flt1917; Cecidomyiidae: Contarinia citrina (Linden Twig Gall Midge) [larvae form small irregular galls on twigs and petioles] Flt1917, Contarinia verrucicola (Linden Wart Gall Midge) [larvae form small warty galls on leaves] Flt1917, Schistoneurus pectinata [larvae form irregular subgloboid galls along central leaf veins and leaf bases] Flt1907 Flt1917
Heteroptera (True Bugs)
Miridae: Ceratocapsus modestus [found in damp situations with abundant vegetation] Wat1928; Pentatomidae: Acrosternum hilaris (Green Stink Bug) [polyphagous] Rid2009; Tingidae: Gargaphia tiliae (Basswood Lace Bug) [feeds on leaves] Msh2006 Crw2004
Homoptera (Sucking Insects)
Aphididae: Eucallipterus tiliae (Linden Aphid) [found on leaf undersides, especially of European Tilia spp.; this aphid was introduced into North America from Europe] BE2013 Pp1965, Longistigma caryae (Giant Bark Aphid) [found on tree bark, polyphagous] BE2013; Cercopidae: Neophilaenus lineatus (Lined Spittlebug) [host plants of adults] Hm1982; Cicadellidae: Eratoneura separata DD2010, Erythridula fumida DD2010; Diaspididae: Clavaspis ulmi (Elm Armored Scale) [usually found on rough bark, preferring Ulmus spp. as host plants; this insect occurs in E USA & Ontario] SN2014, Diaspidiotus osborni (Osborn Scale) [found on bark, polyphagous; this insect is found in E USA & Ontario] SN2014, Diaspidiotus ostreaeformis (False San Jose Scale) [found on bark, polyphagous; this insect is widely distributed in N USA & S Canada, also in Eurasia, where it is native] SN2014, Diaspidiotus perniciosus (San Jose Scale) [usually found on bark, polyphagous, although preferring woody species in the Rosaceae; this insect is widely distributed; syn. Comstockaspis perniciosa, syn. Quadraspidiotus perniciosus] SN2014, Lepidosaphes ulmi (Oystershell Scale) [found on bark, polyphagous; this insect is widely distributed in the USA, S Canada, & Eurasia] SN2014; Pseudococcidae: Phenacoccus acericola (Maple Mealybug) [feeds on leaf undersides; Acer spp. are the preferred hosts] Crw2004
Hymenoptera (Bees, Wasps, & Sawflies)
Xiphydriidae: Xiphydria maculata [larvae bore into small branches] Sm2006, Xiphydria tibialis [larvae bore into small branches, polyphagous] Sm2006
Lepidoptera (Butterflies, Skippers, & Moths)
Agonoxenidae: Chrysoclista linneella (Linden Bark Borer) [introduced into N. America from Europe] Msh2006; Geometridae: Erannis tiliaria (Linden Looper) Msh2006, Probole alienaria (Alien Probole) Msh2006, Xanthotype sospeta (Crocus Geometer) [polyphagous] Cv2005; Limacodidae: Acharia stimulea (Saddleback Caterpillar) [syn. Sibine stimulea, polyphagous, found in southern IL] Cv2005, Euclea delphinii (Spiny Oak Slug) [polyphagous, found in southern IL] Cv2005; Lymantriidae: Lymantria dispar (Gypsy Moth) [intro. into N. America from abroad, polyphagous] Cv2005; Noctuidae: Acontia terminimaculata (Curve-Lined Acontia) Cv2005, Panopoda carneicosta (Brown Panopoda) [polyphagous] Cv2005; Notodontidae: Datana drexelii (Drexel's Datana) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Ellida caniplaga (Linden Prominent) Cv2005, Lochmaeus bilineata (Double-Lined Prominent) [polyphagous] Cv2005 Wg2005; Pyralidae: Herpetogramma thestealis [polyphagous] Cv2005, Pantographa limata (Basswood Leafroller) [polyphagous] Cv2005 Msh2006; Saturniidae: Callosamia promethea (Promethea Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Eacles imperialis (Imperial Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005; Sphingidae: Ceratomia amyntor (Elm Sphinx) [polyphagous] Cv2005 Msh2006 Wg2005, Paonias excaecatus (Blinded Sphinx) [polyphagous] Cv2005; Tortricidae: Olethreutes tilianum (Basswood Olethreutes) [larvae feed within tied leaves] Mlr1987
Phasmatodea (Walkingsticks)
Diapheromeridae: Diapheromera femorata (Northern Walkingstick) [feeds on leaves] Crw2004
Thysanoptera (Thrips)
Thripidae: Thrips calcaratus [polyphagous, feeds on buds & leaves] Nk1994
Trombidiformes (Mites)
Eriophyidae: Phytoptus abnormis (Basswood Gall Mite) [mites form small top-shaped greenish galls on upper leaf surfaces] Flt1917