Insects Feeding
on these Plants:
____________
Ulmus spp. (Elm) [Ulmaceae]
(Observations are from Funkhouser, Knight, Yanega, Bouseman & Sternburg, Wagner, Hottes & Frison, Dmitriev & Dietrich, Clark et al., Microleps website, Rider, Marshall, Covell, MacRae, Arment, Needham et al., Smith, Blackman & Eastop, Watson, Miller, Pepper, Majka et al., Cranshaw, ScaleNet)
Coleoptera (Beetles)
Buprestidae: Anthaxia viridifrons Mcr1991; Cerambycidae: Achryson surinamus Ya1996, Anelaphus pumilum Ya1996, Dryobius sexnotatus Ya1996, Eupogonius subarmata Ya1996, Goes pulcher [larvae bore through heartwood of living trees] Ya1996, Leptura emarginata Ya1996, Physocnemum brevilineum [larvae bore through bark of living trees] Ya1996, Saperda tridentata (Elm Borer) [larvae bore through wood of dead & dying trees] Msh2006 Ya1996, Strangalepta pubera Ya1996; Chrysomelidae: Calligrapha scalaris (Elm Calligrapha) [both adults & larvae feed on leaves] Crw2004 Clk2004, Monocesta coryli (Large Elm Leaf Beetle) [both adults & larvae feed on leaves] Crw2004 Clk2004, Xanthogaleruca luteola (Elm Leaf Beetle) [both adults & larvae feed on leaves] Crw2004 Clk2004; Curculionidae: Cossonus platalea [polyphagous, larvae are found under bark; this insect is found in NE USA & SE Canada] MAM2007, Magdalis armicollis (Red Elm Bark Weevil) [larvae mine the bark of dead or dying trees; this insect is found in E & central USA, SE & south-central Canada] MAM2007, Magdalis barbita (Black Elm Bark Weevil) [this insect is found in E & central USA, SE & south-central Canada] MAM2007, Stenoscelis brevis [polyphagous, larvae are found under bark; this insect is widely distributed] MAM2007; Scarabaeidae: Popillia japonica (Japanese Beetle) [polyphagous] Crw2004; Scolytidae: Hylurgopinus rufipes (Native Elm Bark Beetle) [bores into bark, sometimes spreading Dutch Elm disease] Crw2004, Scolytus multistriatus (European Elm Bark Beetle) [bores into bark, often spreading a fungus that causes Dutch Elm disease; this insect is widely distributed in North America] MAM2007 Crw2004, Xyloterinus politus [this insect is found in NE & north-central USA, & Canada] MAM2007
Heteroptera (Plant Bugs)
Miridae: Lopidea heidemanni Kn1941 Wat1928; Pentatomidae: Brochymena quadripustulata (Four-Humped Stink Bug) [polyphagous] Rid2009; Tingidae: Corythucha ulmi (Elm Lace Bug) [feeds on leaves] Crw2004
Homoptera (Sucking Insects)
Aphididae: Colopha graminis [forms cockscomb-like galls on the upper surfaces of elm leaves, migrating during the summer to the roots, stems, & leaves of grasses; both Ulmus americana & Ulmus rubra are hosts] BE2013 Pp1965 Crw2004, Colopha ulmicola [forms elongated cockscomb-like galls on elm leaves, migrating during the summer to the upper stems & leaves of Eragrostis spp. & possibly other grasses] HF1931, Eriosoma americanum (Woolly Elm Aphid) [curls leaves during the spring; Ulmus americana is the primary winter host] Pp1965 Crw2004, Eriosoma crataegi (Hawthorn Woolly Aphid) [curls leaves during the spring; both Ulmus americana & Ulmus rubra are winter hosts] Crw2004, Eriosoma lanigerum (Woolly Apple Aphid) [curls leaves during the spring; both Ulmus americana & Ulmus rubra are winter hosts] HF1931 Pp1965 Crw2004, Eriosoma mimicum [probably forming leaf-curl galls] BE2013, Eriosoma rileyi Pp1965, Kaltenbachiella ulmifusa HF1931, Tetraneura nigriabdominalis [forms stalked elongated galls on elm leaves, migrating during the summer to the roots of various grasses; this aphid has been found in Illinois, it was introduced into North America from E Asia] BE2013, Tetraneura ulmi (Elm & Grass Root Aphid) [forms stalked sack-shaped galls on the upper surfaces of elm leaves, migrating during the summer to the roots of various grasses; this Eurasian aphid has been found in NE USA, north-central USA, & Canada] BE2013, Tinocallis saltans [found on the undersides of elm leaves; this Eurasian aphid has been found in Illinois] BE2013, Tinocallis takachihoensis [found on elm leaves; this aphid from E Asia has been found in Maryland] BE2013, Tinocallis ulmifolii (Elm Leaf Aphid) [found on the leaf undersides of elm trees; this aphid is distributed in north-central & NE USA, including Illinois] HF1931 BE2013; Cicadellidae: Eratoneura ardens DD2010, Eratoneura basilaris [preferred host plants] DD2010, Eratoneura bigemina [preferred host plants] DD2010, Eratoneura bispinosa DD2010, Eratoneura campora DD2010, Eratoneura curvata DD2010, Eratoneura stoveri DD2010, Erythridula abola [polyphagous] DD2010, Erythridula kanza [polyphagous] DD2010, Erythridula obliqua DD2010; Diaspididae: Chionaspis americana (Elm Scurfy Scale) [females are usually found on bark, while males are usually found on leaf undersides; this polyphagous insect is widely distributed in the USA] SN2014, Clavaspis ulmi (Elm Armored Scale) [usually found on rough bark, preferring Ulmus spp. as host plants; this insect occurs in E USA & Ontario] SN2014, Diaspidiotus juglansregiae (English Walnut Scale) [found on bark, polyphagous; this insect is widely distributed in the USA] SN2014, Diaspidiotus perniciosus (San Jose Scale) [usually found on bark, polyphagous, although preferring woody species in the Rosaceae; this insect is widely distributed; syn. Comstockaspis perniciosa, syn. Quadraspidiotus perniciosus] SN2014, Hemiberlesia neodiffinis (False Diffinis Scale) [polyphagous, this insect occurs in E USA] SN2014, Melanaspis obscura (Obscure Scale) [found on bark; this insect occurs in E USA & California] SN2014, Melanaspis tenebricosa (Gloomy Scale) [found on bark, polyphagous; this insect occurs in E USA & California] SN2014; Membracidae: Ceresa bubalus (Buffalo Treehopper) [polyphagous] Fnk1917; Pseudococcidae: Heliococcus osborni (Osborn Mealybug) [polyphagous, mostly found on woody vegetation] SN2014, Heliococcus stachyos [found on twigs, branches, & roots; this insect has been found in Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia, Washington DC, & California] SN2014, Pseudococcus maritimus (Grape Mealybug) [found on foliage, polyphagous; this insect is widely distributed] SN2014
Hymenoptera (Bees, Wasps, & Sawflies)
Argidae: Arge scapularis [larvae feed on the foliage] Sm2006; Cimbicidae: Cimbex americana (Elm Sawfly) [larvae feed on leaves, polyphagous] Msh2006 Sm2006 Crw2004; Siricidae: Tremex columba (Pigeon Tremex) [larvae bore into wood, polyphagous] Sm2006; Tenthredinidae: Fenusa ulmi (Elm Leafminer) [syn. Kaliofenusa ulmi] Ndm1928 Sm2006; Xyelidae: Macroxyela ferruginea [larvae feed on leaves] Sm2006
Lepidoptera (Butterflies, Skippers, & Moths)
Arctiidae: Halysidota tessellaris (Banded Tussock Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Lophocampa caryae (Hickory Tussock Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Pyrrharctia isabella (Isabella Tiger Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005; Geometridae: Orthonama obstipata (The Gem) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Scopula limboundata (Large Lace Border) [polyphagous] Wg2005, Xanthotype sospeta (Crocus Geometer) [polyphagous] Cv2005 Wg2005; Gracillariidae: Phyllonorycter argentinotella [larvae are leaf-miners] Mic2010; Limacodidae: Acharia stimulea (Saddleback Caterpillar) [syn. Sibine stimulea, polyphagous, found in southern IL] Cv2005, Parasa chloris (Smaller Parasa) [polyphagous, found in southern IL] Cv2005; Noctuidae: Acronicta americana (American Dagger Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Acronicta oblinita (Smeared Dagger Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Acronicta rubricoma (Ruddy Dagger Moth) Cv2005, Acronicta vinnula (Delightful Dagger Moth) Wg2005, Charada deridens (The Laugher) [polyphagous] Cv2005; Notodontidae: Lochmaeus bilineata (Double-Lined Prominent) [polyphagous] Cv2005 Wg2005, Nerica bidentata (Double-Toothed Prominent) Cv2005 Wg2005, Schizura concinna (Red-Humped Caterpillar) [polyphagous] Cv2005; Nymphalidae: Nymphalis antiopa (Mourning Cloark) BS2001 Wg2005, Polygonia comma (Comma) BS2001 Wg2005, Polygonia interrogationis (Question Mark) BS2001 Msh2006 Wg2005; Saturniidae: Automeris io (Io Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Eacles imperialis (Imperial Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Hyalophora cecropia (Cecropia Moth) Cv2005; Sphingidae: Ceratomia amyntor (Elm Sphinx) [polyphagous] Cv2005 Msh2006 Wg2005, Paonias excaecatus (Blinded Sphinx) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Smerinthus jamaicensis (Twin-Spotted Sphinx) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Sphinx franckii (Franck's Sphinx) Cv2005; Tortricidae: Olethreutes mysteriana (Mysterious Olethreutes) [larvae feed within tied leaves] Mlr1987
Phasmatodea (Walkingsticks)
Diapheromeridae: Diapheromera femorata (Northern Walkingstick) [feeds on leaves] Crw2004, Megaphasma denticrus (Giant Walkingstick) [feeds on leaves] Arm2006
Trombidiformes (Mites)
Tetranychidae: Tetranychus schoenei (Schoene Spider Mite) [found on lower surface of leaves, polyphagous] Crw2004